Expert-Novice Differences and Adaptive Multimedia 215 Copyright
216 Kalyuga Copyright 2006, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Studying the Usability of the Adaptive Procedure Rapid diagnostic tasks in many complex domains require responses that cannot always be specified precisely in advance. For example, for many tasks in physics or engineering, drawing graphical representations is essential, and these drawings are usually very subjective. In paper-based formats, the above first-step method could still be applied in all these situations. However, when indicating a first-step response requires graphical representations, recording and analyzing students responses in computer-based multimedia environments may be technically challenging. In such situations, an alternative rapid diagnostic approach could be based on users rapid verifications of suggested solution steps. With the rapid verification method, after studying a task for a limited time, users are presented with a series of possible (both correct and incorrect) solution steps reflecting various stages of the solution procedure, and are asked to rapidly verify the suggested steps (for example, by pressing corresponding keys on the computer keyboard). For example, for the vector addition motion task A crane is moving horizontally at 3 m/s. A load is being lifted at 1 m/s. What is the velocity of the load relative to the ground?, each solution verification window may include a diagrammatic and/or numerical representation of a possible (correct or incorrect) solution step and buttons Right , Wrong , and Don t know for students to click on (see Figure 2 for an example of a suggested incorrect step). The Don t know button was included as the third answer option in order to reduce a possible guessing effect. Figure 2. A suggested incorrect solution step for a rapid verification diagnostic task
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