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Adaptation and Personalization of Web-Based Multimedia Content 291 Copyright 2006, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Figure 1. Adaptive hypermedia techniques adaptivity by manipulating the link structure or by altering the presentation of information, based on a basis of a dynamic understanding of the individual user, represented in an explicit user model (Brusilovsky, 1996; De Bra et al., 1999; Eklund, & Sinclair, 2000). In 1996, Brusilovsky identified four user characteristics to which an Adaptive Hypermedia System should adapt. These were: user s knowledge, goals, background and hypertext experience, and user s preferences. In 2001, further two sources of adaptation were added to this list, user s interests and individual traits, while a third source of different nature having to deal with the user s environment had also been identified. Generally, Adaptive Hypermedia Systems can be useful in application areas where the hyperspace is reasonably large and the user population is relatively diverse in terms of the above user characteristics. A review by Brusilovsky has identified six specific application areas for adaptive hypermedia systems since 1996 (Brusilovsky, 2001). These are: educational hypermedia, on-line information systems, information retrieval systems, institutional hypermedia, and systems for managing personalized view in information spaces. Educational hypermedia and on-line information systems are the most popular, accounting for about two- thirds of the research efforts in adaptive hypermedia. Adaptation effects vary from one system to another. These effects are grouped into three major adaptation technologies: adaptive content selection (De Bra & Nejdl, 2004), adaptive presentation (or content-level adaptation), and adaptive navigation support (or link-level adaptation) (Brusilovsky, 2001; De Bra et al., 1999; Eklund & Sinclair, 2000) and are summarized in Figure 1.

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