separately develop new codecs was a waste of
separately develop new codecs was a waste of resources, so a joint video team (JVT) was set up to develop the advanced video codec or AVC. The fruition of this work was a new high-performance codec to rival the best proprietary codecs. It is designated H.264 by the ITU, and MPEG-4 Part 10 by the MPEG organization. Much like MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, the standard defines the syntax of an encoded video bitstream with a reference decoder. The design of the encoder is left to each manufacturer. The advantage of this approach is that consumer devices can incorporate a compliant decoder that will play the output of any encoder. The manufacturers are free to differentiate their products by price and performance. Video compression 89 Table 5.2 Summary of Compression Formats Compression ISO/IEC Target Typical Application format number bandwidth resolution Issue date bit/s pixels H.261 1988 1990 384 k 2 M 176 144 Video conferencing, or 352 288 low delay H.263 1992 28.8 k 768 k 128 96 Video conferencing to 720 480 MPEG-1 11172 400 k 1.5 M 352 288 CD-ROM 1993 MPEG-2, MP@ML 13818 1.5 M 15 M 720 480 Broadcast television, DVD 1994 MPEG-4 14496 28.8 k 500 k 176 144 Fixed and mobile web 1998 or 352 288 AVC, H.264 14496 10 General purpose 2002 MPEG compression MPEG compression divides a video sequence into groups of pictures. Each picture in the group then is divided into slices of macroblocks. A macroblock comprises four luminance blocks and one U and V color block each. The block is the basic unit for the spatial compression. The concept of the slice first was introduced in the MPEG-1 standard. It divides the picture, so that if a fatal data error occurs within one slice, the rest of the frame still can be decoded.
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