broadcast TV), baseline (for mobile/wireless), and extended for
broadcast TV), baseline (for mobile/wireless), and extended for high-definition reproduction. Developments (fidelity range extensions (FREX)) are planned for the standard to handle 4:4:4 sampling up to 12 bits per color. The initial standard is 4:2:0, 8 bit. Other MPEG standards MPEG-7 This is a standardized system for describing audio-visual content. This enables fast and efficient searching. You can compare this with the facilities provided with a search engine to locate textual content. Images and sound could be described in many abstract ways: textures, text descriptions of content, color. Much of this is open to interpretation. Consider somebody searching for a clip of a happy person. Happiness is an emotion that is not obvious from a description of the shape, color, and texture of the images. Content description is not a trivial task, but essential to the efficient utilization of audio-visual archives. MPEG-21 MPEG-21 is a framework for integrating multimedia resources across a wide range of platforms and services. Streaming media is an important part of this framework. One focus of MPEG-21 is in value exchange, typically the sale of content. Key to this is the management of intellectual property rights. MP3 misnomers MP3 is the file extension for MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, layer 3 audio files, not MPEG-3. The latter was a proposed standard for HDTV that was dropped in favor of MPEG-2 high level. Proprietary architectures The proprietary architectures have been the most popular platforms for streaming. Windows Media has a very strong following, with other architectures moving toward compatibility with MPEG-4. There is the usual issue of proprietary versus international standard. Most vendors will claim that a proprietary solution brings higher quality encoding to the market quicker than the standards-based approach. Video codecs are a fast-moving product area. The list that follows gives the status as of 2004. It pays to use the latest versions of the encoders, since the quality is improving all the time, and often features like digital rights management are supported only in the latest versions. 98 The Technology of Video and Audio Streaming
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