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8 Video encoding Introduction Encoding is the conversion of a video signal into a streaming media file. The video signal first must be compressed, then packetized, and finally encapsulated within a streaming wrapper. This chapter covers the encoding stage from a video signal to the point where the streaming file is transferred to the streaming server. The encoding takes place in several stages. The first stage is to capture a conventional video or television signal and convert it to a file format that can be processed by computer software. The second stage is data rate reduction by scaling and compression to a bit rate that can be delivered over dial-up or broadband circuits. The third stage is to wrap the compressed video in a packetized format that can be streamed over an IP network. The majority of developments that have led to the rapid adoption of streaming media lie at the second stage, compression. There is no standard way of encoding; there are many different ways to get from video to a streaming format. The route that you choose will depend upon the hardware platform that you have selected, the required throughput of encoded material, and the final viewing quality that you require. This chapter describes some typical architectures, but is not intended to be prescriptive. To find the optimum solution for your application, you may want to undertake comparative trials between some different solutions. It is quite possible to assemble your own system from PCs, video capture cards, and suitable choice of software. Alternately a shrink-wrap solution can be purchased. Do you require the best quality at very low bit rates? Do you encode a few hours a week, or do you have a large archive to put online? All these factors have to be considered before deciding upon an encoding solution. Broadly speaking the price will rise with performance and with the convenience of operation. Some high-end applications allow automated batch encoding. If the encoder will be used in a integrated workflow with other systems, how easy is it to interface with the encoding process?

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