Adapting to network congestion Both RealNetworks and Windows
Adapting to network congestion Both RealNetworks and Windows Media offer a way of changing the bit rate of a stream as network congestion varies. To get the best viewing experience we want to stream at the highest rate possible. But if the network slows down, rather than attempting to continue with a high bit rate, it makes sense to throttle back the bit rate. If the congestion eases then the bit rate can revert to a higher level. That way the viewer is not subject to stalling streams, just a graceful degradation in quality. These technologies work only with unicasting. The Real-Time Protocol maintains the correct delivery rate over UDP/IP (or TCP/IP if bandwidth permits). The RTSP framework supports the client interaction with the stream, the VCR-like controls Play, Pause, and so on. The streaming server application can use RTCP reports from the player to measure network congestion and switch stream rates for multiple bit rate media files. The player can report lost and delayed packets, and the reception of out-ofsequence packets. Stream serving 215 lowbandwidth highbandwidth select encoded bandwidth 40k SETUP PLAY PAUSE TEARDOWN time reference packetizer media data player commands player reports RTCP RTSP media RTP file parse Media files 100k 500k Figure 11.5 Streaming control.
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