If only a few clients were watching at
If only a few clients were watching at the remote sites, the streams could be delivered directly from the server at headquarters. But each client will be using bandwidth on the trunk networks, all carrying the same data. If a large number of clients at each site are watching the webcast, the server will be unable to handle the load. The alternative is to use local servers at the remote sites to receive a single stream, and then locally distribute it. This saves bandwidth on the long-distance circuits and reduces the load on the originating server. You may be thinking that this is a really important broadcast, what happens if the link goes down? Companies like RealNetworks have come up with a number of solutions. RealNetwork s Helix Universal Server includes the facility to set up backup links. You set up redundant transmitters, usually two servers in parallel. If the link from the designated transmitter breaks, the receiving server automatically falls back to the next available transmitting server. The clients will see the webcast has stopped; if they refresh the link, the stream will continue using the backup path. 220 The Technology of Video and Audio Streaming Disk storage array Live encoder Streaming server Stats & logging router live content pre-recorded content control LAN Server-side playlist Internet Figure 11.8 Live and simulated-live webcasting.
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