material. With video and audio you do not
material. With video and audio you do not have this luxury. Traditional libraries of tapes on shelves often have either simple card indices or a computer database. The initial use of asset management was for television news archives to give journalists and program researchers full access to the vault. Asset management is not limited to internal use; it also can be used as an aid to the marketing of video content to the consumer or for sales to other program makers. A typical example would be a health information provider that wants to sell videos. The use of a powerful video search engine helps potential customers to find the right product for their needs a useful adjunct to the selling process. The potential purchaser can preview material, find the right video, then order a DVD or, alternatively, watch a stream. Video libraries also can be used in higher education. A university can record lectures as streams and make the files available on-demand to students. Again, the asset management makes the lecture archive searchable. There are several issues to overcome with an asset library: How do you access the library from remote or dispersed sites? How do you find material that you want? How do you preview the material? How do you distribute the material? The obvious way to offer access is through a web browser. That way the user can use a conventional search GUI, and the media can be viewed with a player plug-in. The drawback is that the library material may be on analog tape Betacam, U-Matic, or VHS or for more recent material, Digital Betacam or DV. Clearly you cannot deliver video over the corporate network; it has to be in a format that can be carried over IP. Streaming formats provide the answer. Once the video is encoded it can be viewed from a desktop computer, rather than requiring a dedicated video player and monitor. The solution to efficient network utilization is to use a hierarchy of lower resolution proxies. That way you start with lightweight downloads, and as you narrow the search, larger resolution media files can be viewed. That way the speed of search and the network utilization are optimized. The initial search is text only; the results set may be 10 or 100 possible clips. You then can view thumbnails to help identify the required clip. Once a likely file has been located, then you can view a low-resolution stream, maybe 30 kbit/s. Once you have confirmed that you have found the correct file, you then can view a high-resolution stream, perhaps at 500 kbit/s. The alternative would be to order a dub of the master tape. 320 The Technology of Video and Audio Streaming
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